vpnsite.net

Passing the Network+ and CCNA exams demands that you know quite a few port numbers, but they’re important to know when working with real-world networks as well. Before we discuss why, here’s a partial list of important port numbers to know for these certification exams:

Ports 20 and 21 are used by File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

Port 22 is used by Secure Shell (SSH).

Port 23 is used by Telnet.

Port 25 is used by Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Port 53 is used by DNS.

Port 69 is used by Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).

Port 80 is used by HTTP.

Port 110 is used by POP3.

Port 143 is used by IMAP.

Port 443 is used by Secure HTTP (HTTPS).

When you’re faced with a list such as this, there’s a temptation to ask yourself something like this: “Besides passing the exam, do I really need to know these port numbers?”

The answer is yes. We do a lot of troubleshooting in this business, and part of becoming an expert troubleshooter is knowing how things work when they’re working correctly. That way, when things do go wrong ,you can take a structured approach to fixing them.

Let’s say that you’re in the middle of a relaxed day at your network monitoring console. A consulting company is at your site to install a new firewall. While they’re working, your phone starts going off - users are suddenly unable to send and receive email from outside the office. The first thing to ask yourself in such a situation:

“What has changed since what is now broken was working?”

In this case, a firewall is being installed - but do you know why that would stop email? Do you know that ports 25 (SMTP), 110 (POP3), and 143 (IMAP) must remain unblocked by that firewall? If you do, you already know how to fix the problem.

I can tell you from personal experience that the key to becoming a world-class network troubleshooter is mastering the basics, and that includes knowing common port numbers. And if you’re a great network troubleshooter on top of being CompTIA Network+ and CCNA certified, you’re always going to be in demand — and that’s where you want to be!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 100 free certification exam tutorials, including CCNA and CCNP tutorials. CompTIA Network+, Security+, and A+ certification tutorials are available, also!

Visit his blog and sign up for Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, “How To Pass The CCNA”, is also available.

Coming in 2007 — Microsoft Vista certification with The Bryant Advantage!

[tags]ccna, comptia, cisco, network+, plus, port, number, dns, tcp, udp, exam, certification, ssh, ftp[/tags]

Imagine a car equipped with nothing more than a laptop computer, a portable GPS receiver, and a wireless network card slowly strolls through your neighborhood. Unknown to any onlookers, this is no ordinary vehicle; rather, it is a wardriving machine. As the car strolls past homes and businesses, a wireless network card (available at any electronics store for as low as $25) scans for any wireless access points. Anyone with a wireless network (and there are many out there) is vulnerable. The computer is looking for what is called an SSID. An SSID is your wireless network name and it is being constantly transmitted by your access point, letting computers know of its presence. The wardriver uses software such as Netstumbler (for windows) or Cismet (for linux) to scan the airwaves for SSIDs. The program can track various access points at once and monitor the signal strength. These programs can also check to see if the network is encrypted. The wardriver will generally configure his or her software to log any strong unencrypted signals. Using the GPS receiver, the coordinates of the strong signal will be recorded. After this preliminary drive, the wardriver can return to the locations that were recorded, and connect to the access point. Once connected to an unencrypted network, the wardriver can use the victim’s internet access, and can also explore computers on the network. If files are being shared within someone’s private network, all of that information is susceptible to a wardriver. Furthermore, once in the network, a wardriver can sniff network traffic and can view any information such as passwords and credit card numbers you send out to the internet - even SSL secured data. Wireless network vulnerability is a major problem, and as more and more households purchase wireless technology, the problem of insecure networks increases. Sound scary? Well this happens every day, and it doesn’t take an expert to pull off. It doesn’t take an expert to protect against either, however.

Steps you can take to protect against wardrivers:

There are a number of very simple steps you can take to protect your wireless network. For many of these, you will have to access your router configuration utility (check your manual on how to do this, you will generally need to type an IP address into your browser such as 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1).

Don’t broadcast your SSID. If you are broadcasting your SSID, this is the first thing a program will pickup and recognize. If you configure your router to not broadcast your SSID, it will be difficult to detect (but not impossible, for some software can sniff wireless communication, so if you are using your wireless network, the SSID can be revealed). If you are not broadcasting your SSID, but it can be guessed (such as if you are using a default SSID), cloaking is pointless. Due to this, remember to change your SSID from the factory default. This is not a 100 percent effective method to secure your network, but it is a good first line of defense.

Change the default password. When you buy a router, a factory password is stored. People experienced in working with routers know the default passwords for different routers (and the make of the router can be seen by wardriver software such as netstumbler). It is important that you secure your router with a good password.

Encrypt your wireless communication. I can’t stress the importance of encrypting your wireless communication enough. Enable encryption and enter a key. Most routers are only capable of WEP encryption, but if they permit, use EAP encryption, it’s more secure than WEP. Like cloaking your SSID, encryption is not 100 percent secure. Given enough time and determination, if someone wants to target you and access your network, WEP encryption can be bypassed using software such as AirSnort.

Filter the MAC addresses that are allowed to connect to your router. This would require that you enter your router configuration and input the MAC address of each wireless card you have. This will restrict access so that only your computers can connect to the router. You will need to obtain the MAC address (which is the individual identification address of a network card in the form a 12 digit hexadecimal number). If someone sniffs traffic and detects the MAC address of a computer wirelessly using your network, the wardriver could emulate that address and connect to the router, but this takes time.

If you configure file sharing on your computers, make sure it is password protected. You should not share files on your networked computers unless it requires an authenticated user to access. Set up the same user accounts on your machines so that your computers can share files.

With these relatively simple steps, wireless network users can secure their networks from wardrivers. Wireless networks are inherently insecure, and these tips will merely help you greater secure your network. If someone is really determined to gain access to your network, given enough time, a good hacker can get access. These tips will deter the average wardriver from gaining access to your network, however. Although these methods are not definite security measures, they will change your network from being something that can be hacked in a matter of seconds, to something that will take a determined hacker days if not weeks of work, all of which will have to be done while in close proximity to your network.

The author is a network security veteran, and CEO of Andertec Enterprises http://www.andertec.com, which specializes in onsite custom computer services for the Los Angeles area. Andertec also sells custom made-to-order computer systems, and has a line of revolutionary products at incredibly low prices including the best-selling CyberHome Complete home automation package.

[tags]network security, wifi, 802.11b, wep, andertec, ssid, encryption[/tags]

With the expansion of web technology, many schools have come forward to make use of the mighty web to expand the education approach and widen the effectiveness of education system. During this many of us have encountered various challenges. In this article we are giving tips on line schooling.

Schooling round the clock around the globe… exciting but what to do for it. The first question is can it work online? It is important to understand our infrastructure and the users before we finalize anything on this account. For some countries the idea of online schooling may work with fully online system but with most countries where Internet facility is still at a growing phase the idea may end up, is a dream far off. For this the concept of an intranet based system that works offline and can synchronize with online interface is something that works.

With the inception of the online + offline system we have all the economy and speed of an offline system and approach of an online system.

1. The system is available offline so works with the speed of your LAN. So quite practical in a school where the number of transactions are very high.

2. Offline availability of system eliminates the requirement of a 24hrs dedicated internet connection.

3. The online system is an interface to the outside world. So without redundancy we have everything shared in web. Secure and personalized.

4. Web based school management systems gives parents access to the required information without much involvement of money and time.

5. With a web based school management software we can organize an effective parent interaction system for better relationship and knowledge sharing with them.

I work for Dreamteam Network Solutions (P) Ltd., and I am in charge of promotions. Our company develops softwares for schools, colleges and universities. For a complete and detailed description of our Company please visit http://www.dreamteam.co.in and http://www.literom.net

[tags]Web based school management software, web based school management system[/tags]

When searching for just the right bandwidth solution for critical business network applications a common choice is what’s termed an OC3 circuit. An OC3 circuit works as a reliable fiber optic backbone for large networks with substantial voice/data/video traffic needs. For example….corporate headquarters phone lines (PBX and/or VoIP), company Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems, facility high security networks, Hospital medical imagery and diagnostic systems, data recovery and backup networks, video conferencing facilities, multi-media or virtual design centers, and ISP backbones.

OC3 is the abbreviated term for Optical Carrier level 3, and is used to specify the speed level of fiber optic networks over SONET. The speed itself is measured through SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) standards.

Specificly, the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) includes a set of signal rate multiples for transmitting digital signals on optical fiber. OC stands for Optical Carrier and the number following specifies the speed of the fiber optic networks conforming to the SONET standard. The base rate OC1 is 51.84 Mbps. Therefore an OC3 circuit delivers 155 Mbps.

OC3 is optical carrier (fiber) connected by equipment capable of speeds up to 155.5 Mbps……and is designed to take, synchronize, and transport data and voice at that speed of 155 Mbps reliably. Due to their potential load delivery capacity….OC3 applications are used most often by large enterprises with significant bandwidth requirements or as an ISP backbone. By definition…..an OC3 is the equivalent of 84 T1s or 3 DS3s/T3s. To put it in perspective….an OC3 circuit is capable of 2,000 simultaneous voice transmissions with each transmission carrying variable data types alongside the voice!

An important factor to consider is that OC3s can be burstable, which allows you to start small and increase your bandwidth as your needs grow. A Burstable OC3 is the ideal solution for businesses who seek ultra-fast connectivity for their Internet needs…..and don’t require full OC3 load capacity just yet but may in the future. Options cover selection from 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, or a full 155 Mbps of service.

Fiber Optics is a technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light waves.

Fiber optics has several advantages over traditional metal communication lines. They have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means they can carry more data. They are also less susceptible than metal cables to interference, and they are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. This enables the data to be transmitted digitally over fiber optics rather than resorting to analog transmission.

Additionally, OC-3 is most often made up of what is called a “SONET ring” to maintain it’s reliability (redundancy) during its high speed transmissions.

A common method of back up used with SONET ring is called a “bi-directional ring topology.” This bi-directional ring is a physical topology which deploys two sets of fiber strands.

The first strand for the connection is for sending and receiving. The second strand will reroute traffic from the original transmission in another direction should the first strand break or malfunction. Therefore bi-directional ring topology helps ensure constant reliability within an OC3 SONET based network.

So just what does an OC3 circuit do for your business?

With an OC3 bandwidth solution your network will deliver optimum speed and load for any large scale voice/data application requirement you have….with reliable and secure digital technology performance.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications….including DS3-Bandwidth.com and Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you’re always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses

[tags]OC3, OC3 bandwidth, SONET, OC3 circuit, fiber optic network, optical fiber, optical carrier[/tags]

As an M & A advisor, we regularly dialogue with the top executives in the industry. We have to chuckle when I reach a decision maker with a large HIT company and he says, “We have a corporate policy that we do not buy companies.” Does this guy read the industry publications? Did he miss the latest HIMSS Conference? Things on the first floor of the San Diego Convention Center were pretty much the same - the usual suspects. The convention, however, had grown to 1100 exhibitors and the overflow required almost the entire second floor.

That was fun. What energy. It kind of reminded me of the old dot com days. Lots of money, talent, ideas, hope, energy, and potential successful businesses. This is the innovation environment in HIT and any large company that feels it can keep pace with this force through internal development efforts alone is headed down the path of extinction.

Almost everyone will agree that information technology will be a primary driver of controlling costs in the healthcare industry. There is, however, a huge paradox in this market. The institutional buyers of that technology are relatively conservative late adapters. This prevents the expected innovation and commercial success that should naturally follow the resources and passion of these HIMSS innovators.

These entrepreneurs respond to a market need and achieve encouraging initial success from the early adopters. They soon hit the wall and are not able to “cross the chasm” from a small group of early adaptors to general market acceptance from the conservative majority. There is little economic value created when good technology is in the control or a failing company and the technology never reaches broad acceptance.

Most of the blockbuster new products are the result of an entrepreneurial effort from an early stage company bootstrapping its growth in a very cost conscious lean environment. Think of some of the new developments from PACS companies. The big companies, with all their seeming advantages have a very high internal cost structure for new product introductions and the losses resulting from those failures are substantial. Don’t get me wrong, there were hundreds of failures from the start-ups as well. However, the failure for the edgy little start-up resulted in losses in the $1 - $5 million range. The same result from an industry giant were often in the $100 million to $250 million range.

For every IDX or eMerge there are literally hundreds of companies that either flame out or never reach a critical mass beyond a loyal early adapter market. It seems like the mentality of these smaller business owners is, using the example of the popular TV show, Deal or No Deal, to hold out for the $1 million briefcase. What about that logical contestant that objectively weighs the facts and the odds and cashes out for $280,000?

As we contemplated the dynamics of this market, we were drawn to a merger and acquisition model that is used in the networking technology market by Cisco Systems. We believe that model could also be applied to great advantage in the Healthcare Information Technology industry. The giant networking company, is a serial acquirer of companies. They do a tremendous amount of R&D and organic product development. They recognize, however, that they cannot possibly capture all the new developments in this rapidly changing field through internal development alone.
Cisco seeks out investments in promising, small, technology companies and this approach has been a key element in their market dominance. They bring what we refer to as smart money to the high tech entrepreneur. They purchase a minority stake in the early stage company with a call option on acquiring the remainder at a later date with an agreed-upon valuation multiple. This structure is a brilliantly elegant method to dramatically enhance the risk reward profile of new product introduction. Here is why:

For the Entrepreneur:

1. The involvement of Large HIT Investor - resources, market presence, brand, distribution capability is a self fulfilling prophecy to your product’s success. The halo of the big secure company helps you cross the chasm to the conservative majority institutional customer.

2. For the same level of dilution that an entrepreneur would get from a VC, angel investor or private equity group, the entrepreneur gets the performance leverage of “smart money.” See #1.

3. The entrepreneur gets to grow his business with Large HIT Investor’s support at a far more rapid pace than he could alone. He is more likely to establish the critical mass needed for market leadership within his industry’s brief window of opportunity.

4. He gets an exit strategy with an established valuation metric while the buyer/investor helps him make his exit much more lucrative.

5. As an old Wharton professor used to ask, “What would you rather have, all of a grape or part of a watermelon?” That sums it up pretty well. The involvement of Large HIT Investor gives the product a much better probability of growing significantly. The entrepreneur will own a meaningful portion of a far bigger asset.

For the Large HIT Investor:

1. Create access to a large funnel of developing technology and products.

2. Creates a very nimble, market sensitive, product development or R&D arm.

3. Minor resource allocation to the autonomous operator during his “skunk works” market proving development stage.

4. Diversify their product development portfolio - because this approach provides for a relatively small investment in a greater number of opportunities fueled by the entrepreneurial spirit, they greatly improve the probability of creating a winner.

5. By investing early and getting an equity position in a small company and favorable valuation metrics on the call option, they pay a fraction of the market price to what they would have to pay if they acquired the company once the product had proven successful.

These successful transactions can benefit the small entrepreneurial firm looking for the “smart money” investment with the appropriate growth partner. At the same time benefitting the large industry player looking to enhance their new product strategy with this creative approach. This model has successfully served the technology industry through periods of outstanding growth and market value creation. Many of the same dynamics are present in the Healthcare Information Technology industry and these same transaction structures can be similarly employed to create value.

Dave Kauppi is a business broker and President of MidMarket Capital. We help business owners with all aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions.

[tags]business broker, buy business, sell business, healthcare information technology[/tags]

In previous articles in the History of the Computer series we discussed machine codes, programs, and memories. We also mentioned that many types of memory are volatile, that is, if we remove power, the memory loses it’s data. So how did the data in your computer right now get there? Is this like the Big Bang theory of the universe? Did it just appear? If you’ve ever had to reload an operating system, plus all the other programs you use, you’ll know it’s no simple task to get it onto the disk! After that you have to get it into memory - every time you ‘boot’!

What do we mean by boot? My old instructor on my first computer engineering course called it a ‘bootstrap binary loader’. That’s a clue! The term is said to have originated from fictitious tales of a German character you may have heard of, Baron von Munchhausen.

His exploits were serialised in comic strips and the like, along with Dick Tracey etc. One famous tale had him riding a cannonball and, deciding it wasn’t such a good idea, swapping to an enemy cannonball going in the opposite direction, to return to his side.

The outrageous tale we are concerned with here refers to the time when he fell into a swamp, but was able to save himself by pulling himself out by his hair. Later versions of this tale had him lifting himself up by his own bootstraps. This expression ‘pulling yourself up by your own bootstraps’ was common at one time. It meant to get yourself out of your own problems.

All this doesn’t have much to do with computers, but it describes the way they start up!

Early digital computers were loaded from paper tape or punch cards, later magnetic tape, and then disk. You may know that before Windows there was DOS, which refers to a Disk-based Operating System.

On a mainframe computer there is an operating system, which acts as an interface between the machine and the user. This OS is variously known as the ‘Exec’ (Executive) or ‘MCP’ (Master Control Program) etc. dependent on the proprietary computer system in use. (New employees were surprised to learn that they had to ‘boot the exec every morning’ - a high turnover of CEOs?). This is roughly equivalent to the Windows or Linux operating system on your PC.

The OS handles all input from users, allocates time slices and prioritises jobs, controls print jobs, allocates mass storage, etc. When you talk to the computer, it only hears what the OS tells it! The OS can talk to the computer in its own language. So the OS must be capable of loading itself from a disk or tape into memory.

To do this, we have a system whereby a block of data, known as a ‘boot block’, and located at the very first block of a paper tape, or magnetic tape, or address 00 on a disk, is read into memory at location zero onwards. This ‘boot command’ is usually a Read instruction from address 00 on device 00.

The data, contained in the boot block, loads the necessary buffer areas to handle an I/O transfer of data in the ‘reserved’ area of memory etc., ready for communication with the boot device, for example the disk containing the OS. Having set up all the necessary buffers, the computer reads and executes the instructions from 00 onwards. These instructions, just loaded from the disk boot block, finish the setup process.

The final instruction from the boot block is a read command to the disk, to load the rest of the data for the OS. This data overwrites the boot block data in memory with the normal data required for running the system. Once the data is loaded the OS can start operations.

It must initialise all the subsystems, and check what resources are available. It needs to know how much memory there is, what data is available on mass storage, what network resources are available, etc. To do this it may refer to a previous configuration, which it then compares to what it can see now. Alternatively, for a ‘clean’ boot it checks what resources it has and works from there.

Tony is an experienced computer engineer. He is currently webmaster and contributor to http://www.what-why-wisdom.com. A set of diagrams accompanying these articles may be seen at http://www.what-why-wisdom.com/history-of-the-computer-0.html . RSS feed also available - use http://www.what-why-wisdom.com/Educational.xml.

[tags]history of the computer, computer history, boot[/tags]

Forrester Research, a research and consulting firm in its report says that, jobs that are getting lost in the United States due to software outsourcing are basically low salary IT jobs such as software programming or computer support specialists or computer operators. However, on the other hand, high paying jobs like system analysts, network analysts and research analysts are continuing dominating the market. In fact, jobs in this sector are growing at the steadily rate of 4 to 5% every year. Normally, these jobs require excellent domain knowledge and idea about the internal working of IT systems and business process. In software outsourcing these qualities are difficult to find.

Jobs that not get affected by software outsourcing

Higher skilled jobs such as system analysis and application development are increasing at the rate of 6% per year. That’s because, their demand is growing continuously. Also, software outsourcing can be shifted to India or other offshore software development countries, where buyers need in-house workforce to customize and upholder software.

Reasons for decrease in Software outsourcing in future

Are you the one afraid from this boom of software outsourcing? If yes, there is news which can lower down your fear for a great extent. According to a report, attraction of cost saving in software outsourcing is yet very high and because of that, increase in jobs like software programmer will be very less. That further results into very low increase in software programming jobs, salary rise will also hardly 1% in next few years. In fact, salary of computer operators and database administrators will also grow at the minimal rate of 1%. However, salaries of computer research scientists and information system managers will have highest growth at around 3.5% every year whereas salaries of analysts and system administrators will grow at the rate of 2 to 3% every year.

Offshore software development

It is also predicted that the market of software outsourcing which has major costs saving today will decrease by 2008. The main reason behind this will be the decreasing gap between the US salary and the outsourcing countries such as India. As, it will lower the salary in US, while in India and other offshore software development countries, because of lack of availability of resources, salary rise will be very high. It will also decrease the costs saving. Finally, companies will prefer their in-house resources rather then offshore outsourcing.

Author is famous IT expert.

[tags]web design company india,web developers india,offshore software development india,offshore outsourci[/tags]

Rapid growth of modern informational Internet-technologies begets the development of the hardware-software and network infrastructure. However, it also causes a number of negative aspects that influence improvement of the IT-industry.

A wide range of negative, so to say ‘begotten by the Internet’, factors can be pointed out in the computer industry. They include: hackers, viruses, Trojans, SPAM, etc. Lately, another step in the software development - Spyware - appeared in the publicity. This article describes what Spyware is and how it can be fought.

What is Spyware?
Spyware represents ordinary embedded software modules that track and gather different information about your activity during your work on PC, redirect you to various companies’ sites during your surfing the Internet, open advertising banners of every sort and kind, and perform a lot of other unapproved spy activity.

Where can Spyware be “picked up”?
It is not that hard to “pick up” a Spyware. The most assured way of becoming infected is visiting warez sites or adult web-resources. Be sure that your PC is infected if you had visited the sites mentioned above using not up-to-date Internet Explorer and without any antivirus and firewall installed. Why are we so sure about it? The thing is that developers of Spyware-programs do their best to place the infection on as much computers in the network as possible, so any new breach in the browser is a splendid opportunity for them.

Also, it often happens that Spyware-modules are bundled with different software. A perfect example of that are P2P-clients and a great number of suspicious programs from unknown developers.

How can Spyware be detected?
As a rule, the task of detecting Spyware is many-sided and has a couple of solutions:
1. Installation of Firewall (for example Outpost Firewall Pro, Norton Personal Firewall, Kerio Personal Firewall, etc.) that will immediately inform you about suspicious network activity of any program.
2. Installation of IDS (Intrusion Detection System) software that provides you with real protection in real time by immediately recognizing and stopping attempted, unwanted or malicious behavior by other programs. A perfect example of such software is Arovax Shield (http://www.arovaxshield.com) - a brand new and effective spyware detector and remover.
3. Installation of specialized software for Spyware removing. You can use Arovax Antispyware (http://www.arovaxantispyware.com), SpyBot-Search & Destroy, Ad-Aware, MS AntiSpyware, etc.
4. Using special antivirus programs. In most cases, they can be found on the web-sites of major modern antivirus software.

How to remove the found Spyware?
It is best to use proper software to ‘treat’ found Spyware programs. Such software cleans the registry correctly and removes all found spy modules. Consider the fact that some antivirus programs can only detect Spyware and in most cases are not able to ‘treat’ your PC from them.

You can also try to remove Spyware manually. However, this variant is suitable for experienced users only. In this case you will need not only to remove Spyware executing modules (you might need to load OS in safe mode) but to edit the system registry in order to get rid of harmful programs links as well.

How to protect your PC from further infections?
The receipt is simple: install all updates for your OS, install proper antispyware software, antivirus and Firewall, keep them always up-to-date and do not install suspicious programs from the Internet.

Kira Foster is an expert on modern IT technologies and security software. She is also a Project Manager of Arovax Company which is one of the leaders in the field of software development and PC protection. More articles by Kira Foster - http://www.arovax.blogspot.com.

[tags]Spyware[/tags]

The cost of T1 service has dropped considerably since its inception in the early 1960’s. No longer is this service for large corporations only. Mid sized and even small businesses can now benefit from dedicated T1 service. For the home business/home office, this service might still be a bit expensive. It’s best to run your own quotes for service and cost it out. Business grade DSL is a viable and cost effective solution for the smaller business owner and the topic of a future article.

Given the cost effectiveness of T1 service, the aim of this short article is to provide a general overview of what this service is and how you can leverage this type of communications infrastructure in your own business.

To start with, T1 service provides 24 channels coming into your office. Each of these 24 channels can be configured for voice, data or integrated voice/data service. Today, with the wide spread popularity of VoIP, you can also configure a full T1 for data and run VoIP for your office phone needs.

T1’s can be used for 24 digitized voice channels or 1.544 megabits per second of data. If you’re using (or considering) a dedicated T1 for voice, the circuit would plug into your existing phone system. (Check with your communications broker to determine if additional equipment is required) If you’re using (or considering) a dedicated data T1, then your circuit would plug into your network router.

If your business currently has 4 or more phone lines, it may be more cost effective to use T1 voice service. Depending on your data (internet) requirements, it may also be cost effective to use a dedicated T1 data service. For normal surfing, you can have hundreds of users all sharing this dedicated T1 data service. To take this a step further you may consider using VoIP over a dedicated T1 data service. Be sure to ask your communications broker about the best setup to meet your specific requirements.

Configuration can run from DSO’s (64 kilobits per second) to OC192 (9.6 gigabits per second). This range certainly makes it a perfect fit for the small business owner as well as the large corporation. If you’re looking to begin building an infrastructure that can grow with your business, consider T1 service. You can get a free quote as well as a free consultation by visiting our site.

Whether you visit our site or someone else’s, be sure to get a no obligation and risk free quote and consultation with a communications expert. It’s best to use a communications broker because as such, we/they are not tied into a specific vendor. Call a specific vendor and that’s the quote you’ll get. A specific vendors quote. Use a communications broker and you’ll be able (or should be able) to get several quotes from several vendors.

T1 service IS much more affordable today and can provide your business with a very cost effective communications infrastructure.

FullService Broadband provider. Our free service is possible through Try Right Technology, Inc. We provide unbiased and informative information on broadband and communication products and services.

Copyright 2006

[tags]T1 service, business telecommunications[/tags]

Definity Systems cannot support the network needs of businesses.

This is blatantly wrong: Avaya Phone Systems designed Definity Systems
specifically to meet the needs of businesses of all sizes. Smaller business will
benefit from the Definity Server CSI, capable of supporting between 50 and 250
users on the network.
For mid- sized and large business, there is the Definity Server SI, which can
accommodate up to 500 users on the network.



Once you buy Definity Systems, you’re stuck with it; Definity Systems are not
able to grow with the company. You have to buy a whole new network in order to
upgrade.

This myth is misplaced. Perhaps you’re thinking of other companies, but all of
Avaya’s products are scalable solutions; Avaya works with you to create a system
that meets the needs of your company.



Avaya knows that companies change and grow; that’s why Definity Systems can be
upgraded without having to purchase a whole new system.



Definity Systems are a waste of money.

Definity is a smart financial move for two reasons: Avaya firmly believes in the
idea of investment protection, allowing you to embrace new technology while
keeping many of your existing components.


And, in the long run, installing a Definity Systems can actually save you
money through Communication Manager, a powerful telephony software that helps
increase productivity and profits.



Before Definity Systems are fully functional, you have buy a whole host of
additional components and products, things I don’t need nor want.

Nope. Definity Systems, like all of Avaya Phone Systems products, is designed
to be an all- in- one solution. In other words, Definity Systems includes everything
to help improve productivity and efficiency, without requiring you to buy additional
components.


Additionally, Definity Systems are built along a modular design; as you
upgrade, and as your business grows and changes, you only need to buy the
components you need.



Definity Systems lacks the powerful features I need.

Not true at all: Definity Systems is powered by Avaya’s powerful, industry
leading Communications Manager, giving you world- class telephony capabilities.
Communications Manager includes over 700 advanced features that can improve the
efficiency of your business.


Definity Systems also includes value- added applications like voice
messaging, networking abilities, and call center.



Definity Systems only supports IP networks.

Very false. Definity Systems works with traditional and IP networks, as well as
converged networks. Definity Systems supports business with a single location, and
business with multiple locations.

Cameron Elliott is an Telephony specialist at avaya voip phone systems where he extols the benefits of Avaya
Phone Systems

[tags]Definity, features, avaya, phone systems, business, communications[/tags]